Kinematic Analysis Forearm Passing in Volleyball at Different Distances

The main goal of this study is to determine which of the applied kinematic parameters best predictor of accuracy in passing forearm. At the same time we want to establish the differences in the variables applied during the execution of the lower forearm pass to smaller and further away . The sample for this study is a 31 years old student of II study and cycle studies at the Faculty of Physical and sport of the University. All subjects were male average age of 21.66 ± 1.58 , average body height 180.37 ± 9.00 and an average weight of 76.43 ± 14.25. The video camera Casio Exilim EX-F1 was used for filming. The subjects were five times performed the technique on a smaller and five times farther away. To calibrate the space was used for calibration frame 1m x 1m x 2m. The camera was working at a frequency of 300 Hz resolution 720 x 576. The data was processed using a Kinovea software. On the basis of applied statistical analysis we can say that on the basis of certain kinematic parameters can make the prediction results in criteri variables in both groups. Also, it was found that there were statistically significant differences in the observed kinematic parameters between groups "Closer" and the group "Farther", and these differences are significance at the level .01 and .05. Consequently , our study is focused in order to obtain relevatinih information that will contribute to the understanding of the mechanical characteristics of the movement which ultimately contributes to more efficient training process . The results of our study indicate differences in kinemti?kim parameters when performing techniques of the lower forearm pass but in relation to the different position of the target. For faster and more efficient process of training the lower forearm passing volleyball, very important is the optimization of the angles of individual body segments as well as the defining characteristic of a breach during the execution of technical elements. This study allows us to obtain information that is relevant to the faster and more successful training techniques lower forearm passing. Key words: Kinematic, forearm pass, degree, distance

EFFECTS OF TECHNICAL AND TACTICAL CHARACTERISTICS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE TABLE TENNIS PLAYERS

The aim of the research was to determine the effects of applied technical and tactical characteristics of table tennis players on their success in competitions. The representative sample consisted of 48 top senior table tennis players from Bosnia and Herzegovina, age 18 and 36, selected on the basis of a qualification tournament. The measuring instruments for this study included eight assessment tests for the table tennis players' technical and tactical characteristics and one test for assessing success in table tennis competitions. Technical and tactical characteristics of the participants were evaluated by five experts who analyzed the efficacy of technical and tactical characteristics of the players on a scale ranging from 1 to 5. The methods of processing the results included descriptive statistical procedures, the multiple correlation coefficient, the determinant coefficient and a multiple regression analysis. The results indicate that technical and tactical characteristics have a major impact on the player's performance and are essential for table tennis success. Based on the value of the regression coefficients and their significance, it may be concluded that the 5 variables statistically significantly contribute to the regression model are: the efficiency of the serve; the efficiency of preventing the attack of the opponent and preparation of the players’ own attack; confidence when attacking across the table; the efficiency in the active defence and the efficiency of movement during the game. In the hierarchy of significance, the most important variables are the serve efficiency and efficiency of preventing the attack of an opponent and preparation of the player's own attack. The efficiency of the serve allows an attacker to realize technical and tactical ideas and usually gain initiative in the game. By returning a serve we can prevent or at least make it harder for the opponent to attack again. A serve return can also allow us to take the initiative

Differences in Repetitive Strength and Strength of Kicking a Ball between Soccer Players U14 and Children who are not Involved in Soccer

The research is conducted with the aim of setting out the diff erences in repetitive strength of legs, torso, hands and shoulder girdle and strength of kicking a ball between soccer players U14 and children who are not involved in soccer. The sample consists of two groups of respondents. The fi rst subsample group was comprised of 20 respondents of chronological age between 12.50±0.43 who were actively involved in training process at soccer team Stars, and the other subsample included 20 respodents of chronological age between 12.50±0.62 involved in system of Physical Education but who were not involved in training process of other sport branches. Canonical Discriminant Analysis within set of four motoric variables is used to determine the basic diff erence between groups and the contribution of each variable taken individually in overall discrimination groups. The sample of respondents who train soccer achieved better results in all applied tests. All tests showed statistical signifi cance in discrimination of groups other than the test for assessing the strength of kicking a ball which is at the very margin of significance

Differences in Motor Abilities of Younger School Children based on their Sex

The aim of this research is to determine whether there is any statistically signifi cant diff erence in motor abilities of boys and girls of younger school age. The sample includes 76 examinees with 37 males and 39 females. All are 5th and 6 th graders of primary school. The evaluation of motor abilitied is based on 5 tests. Multivariant analysis of variance is applied for determination of diff erences within the whole system of motor tests, whereas univariant analysis of variance is used for determining diff erences in each motor test. According to the fi ndings, statistically signifi cant diff erences in motor abilities between boys and girls at the studied age can be noticed in the test 20 m running from fl ying start, which is in favour of boys and in the test sit and reach, in favour of girls, while the diff erences in other tests are not statistically signifi cant. Considering the evaluation of motor abilities, boys have statistically much better results in the speed of alternative movements and explosive strenth, whereas girls have achieved much better results in the test for fl exibility. It has also been concluded that 5th and 6th graders have statistically better results in the space of coordination and explosive strenght, whereas girls are much better in the fi eld of fl exibility and suppleness